- June 23, 2017
- Business , Citizenship , Real Estate , Travel
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- 139
Special Report Financial Times by David Turner
Anyone idly scanning Cyprus property websites dreaming of a home in the sun is
likely to notice a strange phenomenon: a surprising number of properties on sale for
precisely €2m.
The explanation for this mysterious clustering lies in the burgeoning market in
investment-based citizenship programmes for wealthy individuals who make a
suitable financial commitment. Cyprus citizenship can be acquired for a property
investment of €2m.
Immigration lawyers and agents who process such applications say the number of
countries offering these schemes is rising, as governments scent a market opportunity,
respond to a financial crisis, or, in some cases, both. In 2015, Vanuatu, the tiny South
Pacific Ocean nation, introduced its Citizenship by Investment Program to raise
money for rebuilding after a cyclone.
The market opportunity is certainly becoming stronger. “The overall growth in
demand has accelerated because of greater instability over the past five or six years,
going back to the Arab spring,” says Micha-Rose Emmett, London-based chief
executive of CS Global Partners, which helps clients with applications. “Events are
making people sit up and say: ‘I just want to diversify my life and my family’s life for
the future because I don’t know what will happen to me.’ ”
If the rich customarily diversify investment portfolios to avoid excessive reliance on
the performance of one volatile asset class, why not diversify their lives to avoid
dependence on one potentially volatile country?
Emmett says local political instability prompts particular spikes in demand,
including a recent upsurge from economically troubled South Africa.
As well as the economics, wealthy people are also worried about falling foul of their
government at some point in the future. James Perrott, senior counsel in the private
client team at Macfarlanes, the City of London law firm, cites the desire for a “get out
of jail free card” as one motivation for a second passport. Although the phrase is taken
from the board game Monopoly, he is speaking only semi-metaphorically.
The wealthy do, however, have more mundane reasons for wanting second
citizenship.
Nuri Katz, president of Apex Capital Partners, an international investment advisory
firm whose services include investment-based citizenship applications, cites the
increasing difficulty in moving assets abroad because of a concerted international
crackdown. As a result, “people are now looking for jurisdictions that are more taxfriendly,
where they can set up tax residency”. This largely explains the appeal of St
Kitts and Nevis, home of a long-established programme: it has no personal income
tax.
Wealthy people also want ease of travel as part of a jet-setting international lifestyle,
adds Katz. He gives the example of a wealthy Chinese businessman who wants to go to
Paris to sample its haute cuisine without the trouble of having to get a visa. An EU
passport, through Cyprus citizenship, provides a solution. “The feeling of freedom is
very meaningful,” says Katz.
Once the wealthy have decided to acquire a second citizenship, which one they
choose depends on an individual’s circumstance. For the more cost-sensitive, for
example, the nation of Dominica in the Caribbean offers citizenship for as little as
$100,000.
Those worried about their past might have less choice. In 2015, Transparency
International, a non-governmental organisation, deemed it “highly likely” that
“substantial amounts of corrupt wealth stolen from China and Russia” have been
“laundered into the UK” through Britain’s Tier 1 (Investor) visa, which offers
residency as a route to eventual citizenship. The Caribbean nations, on the other hand,
have a reputation for being stricter as they do not want the US to rescind the right of
their citizens to visit without a visa.
As a more prosaic example of how everyone’s needs are particular, Katz speaks of a
Russian client interested in Grenadan citizenship because Grenada offers visa-free
travel to China, a country where he does much business.
Because of the constant vying by countries to make themselves more enticing
through visa waivers and other attractions, “this industry is very dynamic”, says
Veronica Cotdemiey, chief executive of Citizenship Invest, an agency based in Dubai
and Singapore. Three years ago, St Kitts and Nevis was extremely popular because it
was the only Caribbean country with visa-free travel to the EU’s Schengen area. In
2015, nearby Dominica offered the same incentive, but kept the costs of acquiring
citizenship much cheaper than its rival’s.
As another example of the industry’s dynamism, Perrott of Macfarlanes says there
has been a post-Brexit upturn in interest in the UK’s Tier 1 programme. In the past,
the wealthy often bought the nationality of fellow EU member Malta largely because it
allowed them to settle in the UK. Now that it no longer does so, people are considering
the more long-winded process of acquiring British citizenship after the requisite five
years of residency and £2m of investment. It is, in its own small way, yet another
unforeseen consequence of Brexit.
